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KMID : 1094020160330060340
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Journal of Veterinary Clinics
2016 Volume.33 No. 6 p.340 ~ p.345
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Determination of Femoral and Tibial Joint Reference Angles in Small-breed Dogs
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Kim Joo-Ho
Heo Su-Young
Na Ji-Young
Kim Nam-Soo
Kim Min-Su
Jeong Seong-Mok
Lee Hae-Beom
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Abstract
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The present study determined the normal reference ranges for the femoral and tibial joint orientation anglesof small-breed dogs. For this purpose, 60 each of cadaveric canine femurs and tibias from normal small-breed dogs(Maltese, Poodle, Shih Tzu, Yorkshire Terrier) were examined with radiographs and photographs. Axial and frontalradiographs and photographs of each bone were obtained, from which anteversion and inclination angles, anatomiclateral proximal and distal femoral angles (aLPFA and aLDFA), mechanical lateral proximal and distal femoral angles(mLPFA and mLDFA), and mechanical medial proximal and distal tibial angles (mMPTA and mMDTA) were measured. The 95% CI for radiographic values of all femurs and tibiae were anteversion angle, 23.4-27.4o; inclination angle,128.4-130.4o; aLPFA, 117.8-122.1o; aLDFA, 93.7-95.2o; mLPFA 113.8-117.3o; mLDFA 99.2-100.5o; mMPTA 96.8-98.5o;mMDTA 89.4-90.7o. The Maltese had a larger anteversion angle than the Poodle and the Yorkshire Terrier and a largermLPFA than the Poodle. In the comparison between the radiographs and the photographs, significant differences werefound in the anteversion angle, mLPFA, mMPTA, and mMDTA. The established normal reference values might beuseful for determining whether a valgus or varus deformity of the femur or the tibia is present and if so, the degreeof angular correction needed.
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KEYWORD
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limb alignment, angular deformity, joint reference angles, corrective osteotomy, small-breed dog
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